西门子功能模块6ES7 211-0AA22-0XB0操作便利
西门子功能模块6ES7 211-0AA22-0XB0操作便利

西门子功能模块6ES7 211-0AA22-0XB0操作便利

功能模块独立性是由内聚性和耦合性两个定性指标来度量的。内聚性是度量一个功能模块内功能强度的一个相对指标。耦合性则用来度量功能模块之间的相互联系的程度。

耦合

耦合是软件结构中各功能模块之间相互连接的一种度量，耦合强弱取决于功能模块间接口的复杂程度、进入或访问一个功能模块的点以及通过接口的数据。

耦合有以下几种，他们之间的耦合度由高到低排列：

☆内容耦合。如一个功能模块直接访问另一个功能模块的内容，则这两个功能模块称为内容耦合。

☆公共耦合。如一组功能模块都访问统一全局数据结构，则称之为公共耦合。

☆外部耦合。如一组功能模块都访问统一全局数据项，则称之为外部耦合。

☆控制耦合。如一功能模块明显地把开关量、名字等信息送入另一功能模块，控制另一功能模块的功能，则为控制耦合。

☆标记耦合。如一组功能模块共享了某个记录，而不是简单变量，即这些功能模块都需某一数据的子结构时，就需要按该记录的结构进行操作，并通过参数表来传递记录信息，这样的耦合称之为标记耦合。

☆数据耦合。如一个功能模块访问另一个功能模块，被访问的功能模块的输入和输出都是数据项参数，则这两个功能模块为数据耦合。

☆非直接耦合。若两个功能模块没有直接关系，他们之间的联系完全是通过主程序的控制和调用来实现的，便称这两个功能模块为非直接耦合，独立性最强。

上面只是对耦合机制进行了一个分类。原则上讲，功能模块化设计总是希望功能模块之间的耦合表现为非直接耦合方式。但是，由于问题所固有的复杂性和空间方面的考虑，有时则要根据实际情况，全面权衡，选用其它类型的耦合。 

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